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M MAC address A unique 6-byte (48-bit) address that is usually permanently burned into a network interface card (NIC) or other physical-layer networking device and that uniquely identifies the device on an Ethernet-based network. A MAC address is also known as an Ethernet address, hardware address, physical address, or PHY address. Modem Generally, any type of data communications equipment (DCE) that enables digital data transmission over the analog Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The term "modem" (which actually stands for "modulator/demodulator") is usually reserved for analog modems, which interface, through a serial transmission connection such as the RS-232 interface, with data terminal equipment (DTE) such as computers. The modem converts the digital signal coming from the computer into an analog signal that can be carried over a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) line. The term "digital modem" is sometimes used for ISDN terminal adapters, but this is something of a misnomer because no signal modulation actually takes place. Modems were developed in the 1960s by Bell Labs, which developed a series of standards called the Bell Standards. These standards defined modem technologies of up to a 9600-bps transmission speed. The Bell Standards have been superseded by the V series standards from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which defines standards of up to V.90 (which supports 56-Kbps downloads and 33.6-Kbps uploads). Multicast DHCP (MDHCP) An extension to the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) supported by Microsoft Windows 2000 that offers dynamic assignment and configuration of Internet Protocol (IP) multicast addresses on TCP/IP networks. Multicast DHCP (MDHCP) extensions to DHCP are described in Request for Comments (RFC) 2131, which obsoletes the earlier RFC 1541. Multicasting A technique in which a single copy of data is sent over a network to a specific group of computers. Multicasting is connectionless—clients receive multicast transmissions by "tuning in" to them, a process similar to tuning in to a radio station. Multicasting is essentially a point-to-multipoint communication mechanism. Multiplexing In networking, the technique of combining separate communication channels from different sources into a single channel for transmission over a wide area network (WAN) link. For example, you can combine input from various pieces of data terminal equipment (DTE) using a multiplexer and transmit it over a single digital data line. The line must have a bandwidth equal to or greater than the combined bandwidth of the signals from the pieces of DTE.
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